Rights of Leadership The Propaganda of Race and Class...

Rights of Leadership: The Propaganda of Race and Class During the Abolitionist Movement Henry Highland Garnet and William Lloyd Garrison were two of the most instrumental leaders of the Abolitionist Movement. Their social backgrounds and experiences were responsible for contrasting the two leaders and influenced their approaches, beliefs and solutions to the abolishment of slavery. Their opinions and approaches were voiced in terms of the role of the political process, the role of moral persuasion and the role of violence as a means to an end. Though both Garnet and Garrison shared a common interest in the anti-slavery movement they differed greatly in their rhetoric and advocacy styles and techniques. Garrison, who was from a poor†¦show more content†¦In 1834, Garnet read in Garrisons Liberator a notice for Noyes Academy formed by abolitionists in Canaan, New Hampshire, that admitted colored youth of good character on equal terms with whites of like character. (Schor 12). At Noyes, he learned to articulate his earlier feelings of anger towards solutions that included nonviolent, moral suasionist views, ideologies that were promoted at Noyes. After repeated personal attacks, Garnet reluctantly abandoned his nonviolent doctrines. This led him to form an alliance with Walker who also believed the end justifies the means. Unlike Garrison who believed that people were capable of infinite improvement Garnet believed it was sinful not to use violence. Garnets resistance, though more extreme that Garrisons, appeared appr opriate, even moderate because of the turmoil in the climate of the country that led to the civil war. Both Garrison and Garnet shared a belief in the importance of the written word and speech. Garrison who was convicted of libel for denouncing a Newberryport merchant, was sentenced to jail, during which time he also published a pamphlet that became widely circulated. Through his pamphlets and his anti-slavery newspapers, he was able to spread his message. Garrison effectively used his rhetoric to organize the American Anti-Slavery society in 1833. He argued that slavery was evil because it perpetuated inhuman relationships as did politics in a male dominated society. Garnet was known forShow MoreRelatedLa Ultima Cena5991 Words   |  24 Pagesslaves, in every meaning of the words, to a vast majority of the world due the ignorance of the human race. The movie, The Last Supper, by Tomas Gutierrez Alea depicts the interaction and relationships of the denizens of a sugar plantation in Cuba during the eighteen hundreds. All from the Count to the overseer and slaves had ways of interacti ng with one another, which was mostly decided on their race and social status. The movie deals with various topics that defined that era in time and there are

Israel and Iran Relations - 2094 Words

Reading the media headlines today and spotting names of countries such as Israel and Iran one would expect the article to be on their disputes or their ongoing nuclear power conflict. Due to the many differences that countries have cultural, religious, political and economic have influenced their relationship in so many ways throughout the history. Going back to the initial establishment of a Jewish country in the Middle East in 1917 when the Balfour Declaration was introduced with the purpose of doing that in Palestinian land the hostile relationships among Jewish and the Muslim world began. As Palestinian people never accepted for Israeli to take parts of their territory, since 1947 until today Israeli is on conflict terms with most Muslim countries. Taking into consideration the historical timeline of brutal conflicts of Israel with many Arab countries, specifically Iran and Israel have not always been particularly on bad terms. David Menashri, an Israeli expert on Israeli-Iranian relation, said that â€Å"in the back of the historical memory of the Israelis, when you speak about Iran, Iran is considered to be a good friend of Israel.† (Sterling, 2012) These good relationships have been largely formed based on their economic interests where they traded goods which were significant to them such as Israeli weapons and Iran oil. However, with the changing nature of historical events today we find Israel and Iran publically declaring each other as enemies and constantlyShow MoreRelatedRelations Between Iran And Iran1455 Words   |  6 Pages Iran is a very complicated country that is heading towards many domestic and foreign changes. Some foreign changes that can be predicted in Iran’s future will include a foreign relations change with the United States and Israel. The relationship with the United States will improve with the negotiations of a nuclear deal. With an improving relations between the United States and Iran, Israel thinks it will lose its qualitative edge on Iran. Therefore, the Israel and Iran relation will worsening.Read MoreThe Iranian Revolution1494 Words   |  6 Pagesreturn to the land of Israel and rebuild the Jerusalem temple. This triggered a temporary friendship between the Jews and the Persians. During Reza Shah’s reign in Iran, Israel and Iran cooperated on many lev els as they were united by a common enemy and shared interests. However, there has always been a substantial ideological split between the Iranian theocracy focused on the triumph of Islam, and a Jewish state dedicated to the security of its people. Thus, these close relations ended abruptly afterRead MoreThe Rise Of Nuclear Weapons1665 Words   |  7 Pagesto the conflict between Israel and Iran. As Israel and Iran have different religious ideologies, this has created tension and conflict to occur, but more recently, in relation to nuclear weaponry, their conflict has worsened into that, of a modern day cold war. Israel follows the religion of Judaism, and those who do not follow or believe in Judaism are ostracized within their society. As stated in the article titled, Religion in the Current Crisis, ‘The state of Israel officially discriminatesRead MoreThe United States1313 Words   |  6 Pagessanctions against Iran. Our diplomatic efforts have already halted Iran’s nuclear program. The United States has an enduring interest in freedom of navigation and overflight as well as the safety and sustainability of the air and maritime environments. We are seeking stability in the Middle East, ensuring the free flow of energy from the region to the world while promoting democracy and upholding human rights. We will carry out this through investing in the ability of Israel, Jordan, and our GulfRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran s Foreign Policy1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy: What Does Iran Want? Henry Kissinger and George Shultz warned that, â€Å"Iran’s representatives (including its Su-preme Leader) continue to profess a revolutionary anti-Western concept of international order† (Beinart) The above statement underscores how many in policy circles (primarily conservatives) believe that Iran is anti-western, which is nothing further from the truth. Case in point: the multi-lateral negotiations concerning Iran’s nuclear programRead MoreWhat If Iran Provided a Nuclear Warhead to Hezbollah?914 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿What if Iran Provided a Nuclear Warhead to Hezbollah? Iran has often felt like a third world nation because it is a nation that stands alone between two extremes. The nation itself was called Persia in ancient times, so it is not an Arab nation historically and many of the people in the country are not Muslim. The people of Iran see the Christian nations to the Northwest and the Muslim nations all around them and they have developed a unique sort of national insecurity. This has led their presentRead MoreIranian Nuclear Threat Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesThe possibility of Iran soon having nuclear weapons is no joke. The Iranian government is growing closer to this goal every day. The Iranian government has totally disregarded United States government’s sanctions against their nuclear program and still continues to enrich uranium. An unsafe goal for such an unstable country as Iran these weapons could easily be put to use against countries like the US and Israel whom Iran openly despises. Iran does all this while also testing long range missile systemsRead MorePolitical Prediction In Israel1513 Words   |  7 PagesKANG Prediction Paper-Israel Word Count: 1528 The following analysis is conducted on a three-year time horizon, since the scheduled date for the next Israeli legislative election is November 5, 2019. However, the government could hold early elections if it chooses to do so. Among all four sectors, geopolitical future looks the most worrisome. Political Prediction The continuity of political stability is predictable for a three-year time horizon. The democratic system in Israel is highly developedRead MoreRelations Between Iran And Iran1301 Words   |  6 Pagesexplores long-strained relations between Iran and United States that began decades ago. The paper also examines the events that led to this decades of disagreement between Washington and Tehran. Allies to enemies, that is what happen after series of events such as the CIA backed coup in 1953 to the hostage crises at the U.S Embassy in Tehran. The U.S and many of its allies criticized Iran’s nuclear program which they believed that Iran was using it to develop nuclear weapons. Iran on the other hand deniedRead MoreThe Nuclear Agreement And Iran1274 Words   |  6 Pagesmedia is the Iran Nuclear deal that took place in the spring of 2015. Americans for months have been conflicted on President Obama’s approach to a country that seems so far away from my own life. Curious to critically learn about the origins of this nuclear agreement and Iran’s international relations history with the rest of the world, I took the initiative to research this topic further and expand my global knowledge. Through research, I was able to analyze history and diplomatic relations to synthesis

Strategies for Customer Relationship Management-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Customer relationship Management and the strategies that are required for the Customer relationship Management. Answer: Introduction The report below discusses about the customer relationship management and the strategies that are required for the customer relationship management. The report also elaborates on the e-commerce company Amazon and its customer relationship strategies. The customer relationship management that is CRM refers to the various practices, strategies and the equipments that the companies use to control and analyze the interactions with the customers, assist in the retention of customers and driving of the sales growth (Werro 2015). These systems are designed to compile the information of the customers across the various channels as the website of the company, telephone conversations, and direct mails and so on. There has to designing of a strategy before the implementation of the CRM software. The message about the mission of the company should be communicated well to the customers. The people of the organization along with the customers should have knowledge and be fully aware of the CRM sys tem (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). Discussion The discussion below elaborates on the elaborates on the e-commerce company Amazon and its customer relationship strategies (Kumar and Reinartz 2012). Project Objective To maintain the relationship of the Company and the customers To elaborate on the factors that affect CRM in Amazon To highlight the recommendations that Amazon can incorporate for construction of the long term relationship with the customers To discuss why the customers will choose Amazon for shopping To discuss the elements that the customers will be concerned about when shopping on Amazon.com Project Scope This project is to understand the customer relationship management in the e-commerce companies. The problems faced during the research methodology and the primary and secondary questions of the project are stated. There is an increase in the number of the business to consumer e-commerce and hence the building of a long lasting relationship. The main reason to shop online is the convenience and the things available at lower prices. Online shopping exhibits different features from the traditional shopping. The main purpose is to uncover how to reinforce the consumer loyalty of the e-commerce company and to keep the relationship between the customer and the company. Literature Review The literature review involves relationship marketing, setting a certain destination, customer priority, and communication with the employees, various changes in the system, linking with the CRM, tracking of the customers and the improvement after the evaluation. The maintenance of the long lasting relationship with the customers is necessary which will arise from the better quality products. The company has to provide the customers with the exchange option of the product. The communication with the employees is necessary for the provision of feedback, which will help the company to serve the customers in a better manner. The changes in the system of the company can help to provide satisfaction to the customers that will enable to maximize the profits. The customers should have a maximum level of satisfaction when purchasing of the products and services. The reviving of the numerous information is necessary to provide valuable feedback to the Company. The evaluation of the methods is important for improving the customer relationship. This will enable the identification of the weaknesses of the company. The feedbacks are to be taken into account by the company, which will help to improve the services. The new strategy adoption will help better performance of the company in the competitive market. The tracking of the customers by the updated methods is required. This will enable to determine the purchasing pattern of the consumers. Research questions/Hypothesis What are the ways in which Amazon maintains relationship with their customers? What are the factors that affect CRM in Amazon? What are the recommendations Amazon can incorporate to construct long term relationship with customers? The primary question of this project is: How to develop the customer loyalty of the company and construct a long-term customer relationship under the e-commerce business scale? The secondary questions are: Why do the customers choose the e-commerce company Amazon? What would be the element concerned with when customers are shopping online? When one is shopping on the Amazon.com, what elements are the customers concerned about? Research design and methodology This comprises of qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative Research The qualitative research is done via conducting interviews. This research tries to uncover the reasons for the attitudes, motivations and the motivations. Reliability is the amount to which the responses are to be obtained using the similar mechanisms more than once (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2014). The validity of the research is explained as the extent to which the requirement of the particular research process has been followed during the process of generating research findings (Liamputtong 2013). The Appropriate time scale for the learning has to be selected along with the methodology taking into account the distinctiveness of the study. The suitable sampling method is the Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The respondents should not be pressured in any ways to select precise choices among the answer sets. The sample size is around 100 observations. The data collection methods utilized is interviews, questionnaires and Surveys, observations, focus groups, documents and records. Quantitative Research The quantitative research methods highlight on the objective dimensions and thestatistical, numerical, or arithmeticalexamination of data assembled through polls, questionnaires, and assessments. It is also performed by manipulating pre-existing numerical data usingcomputational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on the gathering of numerical data and generalizing it across crowds of people. The research instruments used are tests and questionnaires. The process of quantitative data analysis includes data cleaning, data coding, data presentation and data interpretation and discussion. The sampling methods used are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. The sample size is of 100-150 observations. A sequential design is used for the interview and the questionnaire. These may include the Survey in-depth conferences, access to close-ended and linked open-ended problems and yield of codes in divided variables in access merge based on distinctive equivalent identifiers ( Brannen 2017). Reliability is the extent to which the answers are to be obtained using the same mechanisms more than once. The validity of the exploration is enlightened as the extent to which the requirement of the particular research method has been followed during the process of generating research findings. Research Limitations The limitations are the influences that the researcher cannot control. The quantitative data method was accepted by the proposing of the questionnaire to gather mathematical and regulated data from website and people around ourselves (Peppers and Rogers 2016). Hence, the composed data might not be comprehensive and intentional enough. The study is about online shopping manners therefore it could not symbolize any issues, which are relevant to the practical behavior. Due to the restriction of time, it cannot make a deep and complete survey on the company, do research and conversation but just focus on the consumers loyalty aspect. This project is not suitable for other exploration projects. Time Plan Week 1 Learning the nature, process and strategies of business research methods. Week 2 Learning the customer relationship management and strategies to maintain customer loyalty. Week 3 Learning about ways in which literature review is written. Week 4 Ethics and legal considerations taken into account and the project objective are understood. Week 5 The primary and the secondary questions for the research are understood and highlighted. Week 6 Questionnaires prepared and data analysis done. Week 7 Nature of qualitative and quantitative research understood and the research methods used are studied elaborately. Week 8 The research limitations are studied carefully and analyzed. Conclusion Thereby, the customer relationship management and the strategies that are required for the customer relationship management have been discussed. The customer relationship management that is CRM refers to the various practices, approaches and the technologies that the companies use to manage and analyze the interactions with the customers, assist in the retention of customers and driving of the sales growth. These systems are designed to compile the information of the customers across the various channels as the website of the company, telephone conversations, and direct mails and so on. There has to designing of a strategy before the implementation of the CRM software. The message about the mission of the company should be communicated well to the customers. The validity of the research is explained as the extent to which the requirement of the particular research method has been followed during the process of generating research findings. References Brannen, J. ed., 2017.Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Kumar, V. and Reinartz, W., 2012.Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Liamputtong, P., 2013.Qualitative research methods. LoBiondo-Wood, G. and Haber, J., 2014. Reliability and validity.G. LoBiondo-Wood J. Haber. Nursing research. Methods and critical appraisal for evidencebased practice, pp.289-309. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M., 2016.Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Werro, N., 2015. Customer Relationship Management. InFuzzy Classification of Online Customers(pp. 51-65). Springer International Publishing.

Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes Essay Example

Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes Essay PROSTITUTION Prostitution is defined as the act, practice or profession of offering the body for sexual relations for money. (New Webster’s Dictionary 1995:802). The Encyclopedia Americana (1997) defined prostitution as â€Å"the performance of sexual acts with another person in return for the payment of a fee. † Child prostitution is therefore, prostitution embarked upon by children who are below the age of 18 and are supposed to be catered for by their parents. It is commonly acknowledged that acts of prostitution are performed by women for men nevertheless occasions arise when the acts are done by men for men. The context of this work deals particularly with female child prostitution. UNICEF considers child prostitutes as young girls in sex trade, who are between the age bracket of 8 and 16. (Jubilee Action Report 1995). In the Nigerian milieu, prostitutes below the age of 18 are regarded as child prostitutes, since only persons above 18 years of age are statutorily regarded as adults. Child prostitution is the â€Å"sexual exploitation of girls and teenagers† (Awake February 8, 2003:6). Available data show that approximately 1. 5million children in India, 1 million in Asia, 100,00 children in United States and 500 children in Latin America are engaged in prostitution (Healy, 1995:35). Awake (February 8,2003:2) reported,â€Å"there were about 300,000 child prostitutes on the streets, in another land where drug trafficking flourishes†. According to Jubilee Action report (1995:10), up to 1 million female children join prostitution each year around the globe. We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the clandestine nature of child prostitution makes it impossible to calculate the exact number of working prostitutes, nonetheless the International Labour Organization (ILO) analysis (1993-1994), estimates that between 0. 25% and 1. 5% of the total female population are engaged in this trade. Globally, child prostitution is illegal and it is also regarded as a barbarous crime, yet it persists. Why? Child prostitution does not just happen. It is caused by a variety of factors some are perpetrated by the prostitutes themselves, while other factors are external to the prostitutes themselves. This is really a growing problem in developed world and developing world like Nigeria (Quintanilla, 1997:20). CAUSES OF CHILD PROSTITUTION IN Owerri Municipal Council 1. Misery and POVERTY: Poverty is the most common reason why most families sell the services of their female children to augment their income in order to buy food or clothes and other necessities of life. (Janssen, 2001:10). The case of child labour is a typical factor that exposes children to prostitution. The hired female children are sent out to hawk food items on the streets, motor parks, and mechanic garages thereby exposing them to rapes as well as sexual harassment s. Barnes H. C. (1959:95) observed that some females take to prostitution due to sheer destitution. Awake (February 8,2003:5) reported that some street children resort to prostitution because they see it as their only means of survival. The Awake further related an experience of a mother of 14-year-old girl who lured her daughter into this ignominious trade. The woman said about her daughter, â€Å"she was beautiful and that men would like her very much. Besides, she would earn a lot of money. † In the evenings, the woman takes her daughter to a motel where they make contacts. The mother stays nearby to receive the payments. Each night, this girl has sex with three or four men. 2. UNEMPLOYMENT: Unemployment of either the parents or the child results in unreliable source of income thereby forcing children into prostitution as an alternative means of income to support the family. Ironically, the International Labour Organization observes that a child’s ability to earn money is limited. It is estimated that the money earned by the child only contributes to approximately 10% of the family’s overall income and therefore has minimal effect on the family’s monetary gain (Dimenstein, 1994:12). Due to high degree of unemployment, the brothels employ some female children who serve in their drinking spots to promote their business. 3. HUMANS TRAFFICKING: Human trafficking is another evil leading to child prostitution. Human trafficking which represent the world’s third largest criminal activity following only after drug and weapons trafficking is sometimes purported to send teenagers to other countries to work. These would-be workers who sometimes end up prostitutes actually â€Å"work† and repatriate money to their respective home countries (Awake, February 8, 2003: 5). Many times, hard times hit these fellows as they are deported to come and continue this profession at home. Some of the female prostitutes come home to take some younger females to their places either to help them or to make them their servants and at the long run they get converted to prostitution, which is their boss’ profession. 4. DECEPTION ENCOURAGES PROSTITUTION: Pimps or brothel owners deceive some parents by paying them money and assuring to enlist their children in their â€Å"domestic services†, which later turns to be prostitution. These brothel owners who are termed the girl’s â€Å"owners† take control of the child’s’ activities. Moreover, these owners do everything possible to retain these girls who earn money for them to maintain their lavish lifestyle (Robinson, 2001:50) and (Dimenstein 1994:10). Apart from the pimps, other intermediaries who benefit from child prostitution do anything possible to see the act continued. Most females are led into this act of prostitution by their masters. Some of them could be anaesthetized by their masters in order to have fun with them and when eventually the woman of the house gets to know about the act she will be thrown out side to continue the act with other men including the master. 5. DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY ENVIRONMENT PROMOTES PROSTITUTION: Children of broken homes sleep wherever they see space to do so in the day, and go to the disco and nightclubs in the night. Ekejiuba I. K. (1996:13) discovered that ill treatment of children at home might make them to take to the street in order to find solace. Then the end result may be the hawking of their body to support themselves. 6 POOR EDUCATION: Some children cannot support themselves materially in view of low educational training they received, so they resort to prostitution as their only profession (Rodriguez- Garcia, 1999:55). Girl-child Education Initiative In Africa (January 2003:20) highlights the effect of poor education in the whole of Africa. In connection with poor education, peer pressure, bad association The causes and effects of child prostitution in Owerri Municipal Council and street ganging contribute to child prostitution. Identifiably, a girl may end up as a prostitute by her association, peer pressure and by running with a street gang (Okebugwu, 1989:25); Adetore, (1974:60); Oti (1984:15); and Daily Times ( May 15,1999:12). 7. AIDS SCARE PROMOTES CHILD PROSTITUTION: The high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS make customers of prostitutes to look for children who are considered to be of low risk, and most probably virgins (Robinson, 2001:13). Patrons of child prostitutes are willing to pay a great deal of money to be a girl’s first client. In the streets, brothels and drinking spots these days a lot of female children are being employed to help lure more male customers to their spots. Places like Amaram by Tetlow Road and some places in Onyeche Street in Owerri have a high number of female child prostitutes who are employed only to facilitate their business. This is because there is the fear that other older female prostitutes in the same profession could have various STDs. 8. DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION ARE PRO-CHILD PROSTITUTION The influence of drugs can subject a child to prostitution and to certain indignifying acts of prostitution which she may otherwise never agree to given her sound mind (Lewis 1980:70); and Udechi (1987:15). 9. REBELLION AND FEELING OF INDEPENDENCE This is another factor promoting child prostitutions. Some girls are shamelessly bold. What is more, they feel that the body is theirs thus they should decide what to do with their body. (Bennet, G and Robert, P. 1985:207). 10. PORNOGRAPHY AGGRAVATES CHILD PROSTITUTION: Pornography also puts viewers at increased risk for developing sexually deviant tendencies. Awake July 22, 2003:7). Pornography is identified as promoting â€Å"the rape myth† which is a belief that women cause and enjoy rape. Additionally, the repeated use of pornography interferes with the ability to enjoy and participate in normal marital intimacy. Dr. Victor Cline, who specializes in treating sex addiction claims that â€Å"deviant sexual acts results† when a viewer tries to act out the pornography-based fantasies. 11. Incestuous violation and rape in homes as a factor: Some youths were raped in their own homes, which act changed their outlook in life. Some of such ones give vent to prostitution. Two other closely related causes of prostitution are glamor associated with it and insatiable sexual urges in some females. Blag(1976:68) observed that some prostitutes take to this lifestyle because of their innate desire for glamour or that they want to maintain a standard of life, which is impossible by ordinary means of earning, a life reminiscent of Greek aether. On the other hand, Ekejiuba(1996:14) identified other females, nymphomaniacs, who engage in prostitution for the sake of â€Å"fun† or pleasure they derive from it. 2 SUDDEN EXPOSURE: Furthermore, illicit love affairs in the presence of children may subject them to early prostitution. Some parents perform extra marital affairs in the presence of their wards. This exposes the children to early sex life. The premature death of one or both of the parents has also been discovered as one of the causes of child prostitution. Because of the chasm created by such loss, a teena ge girl may be fraught with the onerous task of catering for herself and other family members. More importantly, no one may exist to give stern guideline on her. One Owerri girl who returned from Kumasi Ghana claimed that her father died when she was eight years. This demise of his father left her with the responsibility of catering for her younger siblings and her mother who hails from Kumasi, Ghana. These challenges make her to dabble into prostitution. Child prostitution is not without its consequences, some of which are seemingly pardonable, whereas others are taboo at mere mention of them. High patronage of child prostitutes by wealthy men is another factor that has caused and sustained child prostitution ( Ekejiuba 1996: 13). Some teenage girls find it difficult to resist the temptation of prostitution because of huge sum of money they receive there-from. This accounts for why some IMSU, Alvan and FUTO ladies readily avail themselves for this business. Marxist oriented scholars see prostitution as an outgrowth of capitalism. Many of these see the gradual removal of subsidy from petroleum, which is the main balance of Nigerian economy as exposing many persons to difficulty and leading to sexual promiscuity.